![]() Results of the statistical analysis revealed that there was a highly significant difference in the hand patterns of both the hands when compared to gender. Indian females, however, showed dominance in hand pattern C in their right hands (60%), and hand pattern B (2D = 4D) dominated in their left hands (44%). Among the females, the most common trait in Malays and Chinese are the hand pattern A in both their hands. Among the males, all three races show dominance in hand pattern A except in Chinese whereby the C hand pattern was dominant in their right hands (44%). Hand pattern A (2D4D) shows dominance in their right hands with a score of 46% while hand pattern A dominates their left hands. Based on this ration, the hand patterns were classified as A, B, and C types. Individual lengths of the fingers were then measured and tabulated to serve as the basis for analyzing the 2D (second digit):4D (fourth digit) hand ratio. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract.To distinguish the characteristic hand pattern of each of the three different ethnicities in Malaysia and to study the hand pattern correlation between race and gender. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. Copyright of Disease Markers is the property of Hindawi Limited and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission.The lack of strong associations between 2D : 4D and AS in male patients may have resulted from their higher use of biologics. The 2D : 4D ratio of the right and left hand was low in female patients with high BASFI and BASDAI and low spinal mobility (L-Schober) was also linked to low female 2D : 4D. We found a positive correlation between L-Schober and right hand 2D : 4D and a negative correlation between the left hand 2D : 4D ratio and finger to floor distance in female patients with AS. There was no significant correlation between the 2D : 4D ratio and BASFI or BASDAI in male patients. There were significant negative correlations between right and left hand 2D : 4D ratio and BASFI and BASDAI in female patients. The BASDAI scores were higher in female patients than in male patients. Biologic drug use was more frequent in males. In female patients, the right hand 2D : 4D ratios were higher than those in male patients. L-Schober, tragus to wall distance, finger to floor distance, and chest expansion were used to evaluate mobility. AS functional status was assessed with Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI). AS disease activity was assessed with the Turkish version of the Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Index (BASDAI). The 2D : 4D ratio was found by dividing the length of the second finger by the length of the fourth finger. The lengths of the second and fourth fingers were measured using a digital caliper. In this study, 167 (43 female) patients diagnosed with AS were studied. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between 2D : 4D ratio and AS disease activity. Estrogens have immune-modulating effects and reduce AS disease activity. Because ankylosing spondylitis (AS) influences men more frequently and severely than women, androgens are proposed to be related to AS pathogenesis. The 2D : 4D ratio is influenced by prenatal androgen and estrogen levels. The length ratio of the index finger (2D) to the ring finger (4D) (2D : 4D ratio) is considered a biomarker of prenatal sex hormone exposure. ![]()
0 Comments
Leave a Reply. |